Reka kwibeshya sodium sulfide!

“Mbega ingorane!”Umugabo wambaye antiseptike yikwegeye kuri mask ye ya gaze yihanganye, ati: "Hey, muvandimwe, iki kintu ni uburozi bukabije, nubwo cyaba ikibazo gute, ugomba kujyana ibyo bintu byose!"Undi mugabo muremure yarambuye ikiganza cye cya rubber maze akubita umugabo ku rutugu.Ati: “Ariko ntumbwire, iki kintu kigurishwa neza rwose.Nategetse ikindi cyiciro cyibicuruzwa ejo.Nimbona amafaranga, jye na murumuna wanjye tuzajya tunywa! ”

Sodium Sulfide yarebye imibare yabantu bombi bagiye kugenda buhoro buhoro, ariko imvugo yo kutihangana yuwo mugabo muri iki gihe yari mu mutwe we, nkaho yagarutse mugihe abantu bose bamwirinze kera…

l Gukunda sodium sulfide

“Ibi ni ibiki!Ukuboko kwanjye, ukuboko kwanjye kurambabaza cyane! ”

“Ni ubuhe buryo bunuka!Kuki binuka nk'amagi yaboze! ”

Abantu bamwe bavugije induru cyane bafashe amaboko yabo atukura kandi yacagaguritse, abantu bamwe bitwikira izuru barabyerekana, maze ibintu biba akajagari

Mu buryo butunguranye, umuntu yerekanye ikirundo cy'ibara ry'umutuku-umutuku na kaki-umuhondo maze atera hejuru ati: “Ibi ni byo!Ni sodium sulfide! ”

Sodium sulfide yitwaga izina rye yahise ihinda umushyitsi, nkaho hari umuntu watanze ingingo y'ingenzi agatinyuka kwimuka.

Iyo yari hamwe nandi mabuye yimiti mbere, yari ubwoko butandukanye.Yari izi ko ari uburozi, cyangwa uburozi bukabije.Byashoboraga kuguma hamwe nabandi basangirangendo bafite uburozi, kandi abadashobora kubikoresha barabyirinze., abantu bashobora kuyikoresha nabo bazasanga bitoroshye.

Sodium Sulfide yarebye imbaga y'abantu baza kugenda, ashaka kuvuguruza ko mu by'ukuri bidateye ubwoba, ariko yongeye kureba “ibibazo by’umutekano” byashyizwe ku rukuta.

Sodium sulfide yamanuye umutwe, ikwiye kubihakana ite?Abo bantu bafite ukuri, mubyukuri ni umusore uteye ikibazo.

Witondere kutayarya wibeshye, cyangwa niyo mpumuro isohora, kandi rimwe na rimwe ugomba kwambara mask;ndetse no gukorakora byoroshye bizatera umutuku no gukubitwa kubera kwangirika kwayo, kuburyo abantu bose bashobora guhura nayo abakozi bayo bagomba kwambara uturindantoki twa rubber ndetse bakambara imyenda y'akazi yo kurwanya ruswa;hiyongereyeho, hagomba kwitonderwa kugirango hatabaho kumeneka no gutunganya amazi mabi.Niba gaze yashonze kandi ihindagurika idafashwe neza, sulfide mumazi iroroshye hydrolyze, muburyo bwa H2S Yarekuwe mukirere, isesemi no kuruka ako kanya nyuma yo kwinjizwa nabantu benshi, ndetse bikagorana no guhumeka , guhumeka, nibindi, bikavamo kumva uburozi bukomeye.Niba igeze kuri 15-30mg / m3 mu kirere, bizatera uburibwe bw'amaso kandi byangiza imitsi ya optique.H2S ikwirakwizwa mu kirere ihumeka abantu igihe kirekire, kandi izakorana na cytochrome, oxydease na disulfide ihuza poroteyine z'umuntu na aside amine mu mubiri w'umuntu, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwa okiside ya selile, bigatera hypoxia mu ngirabuzimafatizo, kandi bikabangamira ubuzima bwabantu.ubuzima.Niba kandi amazi y’imyanda adafashwe neza, bikaviramo kunywa amazi maremare arimo sulfide nyinshi, bizatera uburyohe butuje, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, gutakaza ibiro, gukura nabi umusatsi, no kunanirwa no gupfa mubihe bikomeye.

Sodium Sulfide yishongora, byaragaragaye ko rwose yari afite ibibazo.

l Sodium sulfide: Nukuri ko ari uburozi, kandi ni ukuri ko ari ingirakamaro

“Sodium sulfide yongeye.”

Igihe numvise iyi nteruro, sodium sulfide yararuhutse.Byari bigiye gutangira gukora.Ugereranije no kuguma mu bushyuhe buke n'ububiko bwumye, yahisemo gushiramo amazi, gushonga, cyangwa kuvangwa n'indi miti.Igicuruzwa gifite reaction nziza.

“Uraho, mwana wanjye.Uri mwiza rwose.Ufite imikoreshereze myinshi, intera nini yimirima, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse.Ntibitangaje kubona hariho abantu benshi batumiza. ”

“Mu byukuri?Mfite akamaro koko? ”

Sodium Sulfide yazamuye umutwe, amaso ye yari yiteze, ariko umubiri we wari ugifunze mu mfuruka, ntiyatinyuka kujya imbere.

Ati: "Nibyo koko, urabona, ushobora gukora amarangi ya sulfuru mu nganda zisiga irangi, zishobora kuba ibikoresho fatizo bya sulfure cyan nubururu bwa sulfuru;Gukuraho umusatsi;gutegura sodium polysulfide kugirango yihutishe gushiramo uruhu rwumye no koroshya nabyo ni ngombwa;urakoreshwa kandi nkumukozi wo guteka impapuro munganda zimpapuro;denitrification no kugabanya nitrate mu nganda z’imyenda nabyo ni uruhare rwawe;irangi rya mordant kubikoresho byo gusiga irangi;ndetse no mu nganda zimiti, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora antipyretike nka phenacetine;ntabwo aribi gusa, urashobora no kuyikoresha mugukora sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, nibindi byose nibyanyu Bikora! ”

Sodium sulfide yabitekereje igihe kirekire uwo munsi.Biracyafite akamaro, ntabwo bifite inenge gusa.Kubera ko iteye ikibazo, igomba gukoreshwa mubushobozi bwayo bwuzuye.Ubu ni inzira nziza nicyo igomba gukora.

Mu nganda zibyuma, irashobora gukuraho neza ion zanduye nka Cu2 +, Pb2 +, Zn2 +, nibindi mubisubizo bidasanzwe byisi.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kugenzura pH nka 5 no kongeramo Na2S kubutaka budasanzwe byoroshye gukuraho umwanda ntabwo bigira ingaruka nziza zo gukuraho umwanda gusa, ahubwo binatakaza isi idasanzwe.

Cyangwa ukemure amazi mabi arimo mercure yangiza cyane ibidukikije nubuzima bwabantu.Mu nganda zikora soda, ibinyabuzima bya mercure mumazi yasohotse muri rusange ni hejuru, birenze urugero mpuzamahanga (0.05mg / L).Mubisubizo bidakomeye (pH 8-11), ion ya mercure irashobora gukora imvura idashonga hamwe na sodium sulfide.Birashobora kugaragara kumeza yometseho ko ibicuruzwa biva muri HgS ari bito cyane (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Binyuze mu bushakashatsi, hemejwe ko ingaruka zo kuvura ari nziza mugihe ingano ya Na2S ihoraho kandi agaciro ka pH kagenzurwa kuri 9-10, kandi Hg2 + mumazi y’amazi ashobora kugabanuka kugeza munsi yigihugu (0.05mg / L).Byongeye kandi, wongeyeho FeSO4 kugirango ubyare Fe (OH) 2 na Fe (OH) 3 colloide mumazi, izo colloide ntizishobora gusa kwamamaza ion ya mercure, ariko kandi umutego n'ikote byahagaritse ibice bikomeye bya HgS, bigira uruhare runini mukwikwirakwiza no kugwa. .Ibimera ntibyoroshye kwanduzwa kabiri kandi biroroshye kujugunywa.

Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukuraho arsenic.Bikwiye kumenyekana ko arsenic ibaho mumabuye y'agaciro muburyo bwa sulfide.Mugihe cyo gushonga pyro, igice kinini cya arsenic gihindagurika muri gaze ya flue n ivumbi, cyane cyane kohereza imyuka mibi ya SO2 itanduye ibidukikije.Kubwibyo, kuvanaho arsenic bigomba gukorwa mbere ya gaz ya flue nyuma yo kuvurwa cyangwa gusiba.Koresha igisubizo cya Na2S kugirango ushiremo gaz ya fl2 ya SO2, kugirango As3 + na S2- bigabanye imvura ya As2S3 (Ksp = 2.1 × 10-22), kuri pH yo hejuru (pH> 8), As2S3 irashobora gushonga kugirango ibe As3S3-6 cyangwa AsS2- 3, ugereranije na At pH nkeya, igisubizo kizabyara gaze ya H2S.Ubushakashatsi bwa Yin Aijun n'abandi.] 90%.% hejuru.Mu gukora imiti yera ya karubone yera, kugirango hagabanuke ibirimo arsenic yanduye muri acide ya sulfurike yibanze yibikoresho bibyara umusaruro, sodium sulfide yongewe kuri acide sulfurike yibanze kugirango As3 + ibe As2S3 hanyuma igwe kandi ikuremo.Imyitozo yumusaruro yerekana ko sodium sulfide ikuraho arsenic ntabwo yihuta gusa, ariko kandi ikuraho burundu arsenic.Ibiri muri arsenic muri acide sulfurike nyuma yo gukuraho arsenic ntibiri munsi ya 0.5 × 10-6, naho arsenic yibara ryirabura rya karubone yera ikozwe nibi bikoresho ni ≤0.0003%, yubahiriza byimazeyo amabwiriza abigenga.

Ifite kandi uruhare runini muri electroplating!

Ubwa mbere, ikora nk'urumuri.Sodium sulfide ishonga mumazi hanyuma ikayungurura mo ion ya sodium yuzuye neza (Na +) hamwe na sulfide ion (S2-).Mugihe cya electroplating process, kuba S2- muri electrolyte birashobora guteza imbere cathode polarisiyasi.Mugihe kimwe Muriyi miterere, cathode reaction yihuta.Umuvuduko wo kubitsa nawo wihuta, ubushobozi bwimbitse bwo gusasa bwiyongera, igipfundikizo kiratunganijwe, kandi ubuso bwigice cyashizweho burabagirana bikwiranye.

Irashobora kandi gukuraho umwanda uri muri electrolyte, cyane cyane ko mugihe cyogukora amashanyarazi, umwanda mwinshi cyangwa muto mubikoresho fatizo bizazanwa mubisubizo byisahani.Iyi myanda itwara ukundi mugikorwa cya electrode, kandi umwanda ufite ubushobozi buke uzashyirwa hejuru yigice cyashizweho hamwe na Zn2 +, bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yurwego.Nyuma yo kongeramo sodium sulfide, S2- muri sodium sulfide irashobora gukora imvura igwa hamwe na ion zanduye zicyuma, bikabuza umwanda kwitabira reaction ya electrochemicique no gutwikira neza.

Cyangwa ukoreshe sodium sulfide igisubizo kugirango flue gaz desulfurizasi.Uburyo bwo kugarura SO2 muri gaze ya flue ni uguhindura SO2 muri H2SO4, amazi ya SO2 na sulfure yibanze.Amazi meza ya sulfure nayo nigicuruzwa cyiza cyo gutunganya bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gutwara no gutwara.Inzira nshya yo kubyara sulfure yibanze ukoresheje H2S ikomoka kumuti wa Na2S nkigikoresho cyo kugabanya SO2.Ubu buryo buroroshye kandi ntibukeneye gukoresha ibintu bihenze bigabanya nka gaze gasanzwe hamwe namakara ya sulferi nkeya nkikoranabuhanga rusange.Iyo pH yumuti igabanutse kugera kuri 8.5-7.5, kwinjiza SO2 hamwe na Na2S bizabyara H2S, naho H2S na SO2 bizahura na Claus itose mugice cyamazi.

Byongeye kandi, sodium sulfide irashobora gukoreshwa nka inhibitor kugirango ifashe inyungu.Igihe cyose hari ibintu bibiri, kimwe nuko Na2S iba hydrolyz kugirango itange HS-, na HS- ukuyemo xanthate yamamajwe hejuru yubutare bwamabuye ya sulfide, kandi mugihe kimwe, irashirwa hejuru yubutare kugirango yongere hydrophilicity y'ubutaka bw'amabuye y'agaciro;kurundi ruhande, byizerwa ko Na2S igira uruhare mukubuza gusa Ntabwo biterwa na adsorption ya HS- hejuru yubutaka, kandi igomba no kuba ifitanye isano na S2- iterwa na ionisation ya Na2S mugisubizo cyamazi.

Bitewe nigicuruzwa kinini cya solibilité ya PbS nigicuruzwa gito cya solibilité ya PbX2, iyo Na2S yongeyeho, kwibumbira hamwe kwa S2- kwiyongera, kandi impirimbanyi ihinduka ibumoso, bigatuma xanthate ifatanye nubutaka bwa minerval desorb, kuburyo Na2S Irashobora kubuza ingaruka zubutaka.Ukoresheje ingaruka zo kubuza Na2S, flotation ya Ni2S3 irashobora guhagarikwa wongeyeho Na2S, kugirango itandukaniro ryiza rya Cu2S na Ni2S3 muri matel ya nikel rishobore kugerwaho.Mu bimera bimwe na bimwe byunguka-zinc, kubera ibibazo byibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora bidafite ishingiro, icyapa nyuma ya flotation kiracyafite isonga ryinshi na zinc.Ariko, kubera adsorption yibintu bimwe na bimwe bya flotation hejuru yacyo, gutondekanya igihe kirekire bizatera ibyondo bikomeye, bizatera ingorane zikomeye zo kongera gutandukanya ubutare bwa zinc hagati.Ukoresheje ingaruka zo kubuza Na2S, Na2S irashobora gukoreshwa nka reagent yo gutesha agaciro xanthate yamamajwe hejuru yubutaka, kugirango ibikorwa bya flotation bizakurikiraho byoroshye.Amabuye y'agaciro ya gurş-zinc yabitswe muri Shaanxi Xinhe Concentrator yabanjirijwe hamwe na sodium sulfide kugirango akureho ibiyobyabwenge, hanyuma flotation ikorwa kugirango haboneke intungamubiri ziyobowe na 63.23% naho zinc yibanda kuri zinc zingana na 55.89% (gurş na na Igipimo cyo kugarura zinc gishobora kugera kuri 60.56% na 85.55%), ibyo bikaba bikoresha neza umutungo wamabuye y'agaciro.Mu gutondekanya amabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa-zinc sulfide, bitewe na symbiose yuzuye y'amabuye y'agaciro, ibirimo sulfure n'umuringa wo hejuru, biragoye kubitondekanya.Ubu bwoko bwamabuye yakoreshejwe na Cu2 + mugihe cyo gusya, hamwe no kureremba kwayo Hafi ya chalcopyrite, bityo amabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa na zinc ntabwo byoroshye gutandukana.Iyo utunganya ubu bwoko bwamabuye, wongeyeho Na2S mugihe cyo gusya amabuye, S2- yakozwe na hydrolysis ya Na2S hamwe na ion zimwe zicyuma kiremereye zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora, nka Cu2 +, zikora imvura ya sulfide idashonga kugirango ikureho imikorere yibi byuma biremereye.Noneho, wongeyeho inibitori ya zinc na sulfure, ukoresheje imiti yumukara wa butyl ammonium kugirango uhitemo guhitamo umuringa wumuringa wumuringa kugirango uhitemo zinc umurizo wa zinc kugirango utandukane na sulfure kugirango ubone umuringa hamwe na 25.10% umuringa na zinc hamwe na 41,20% bya zinc na sulfure hamwe sulfure irimo 38,96%.

Iyo sodium sulfide ikoreshwa nka activateur, firime ya FeS irashobora gukorwa hejuru ya limonite.Kuberako kuri pH iri hejuru, firime ya FeS irashobora kongera adsorption ya amine ya molekile, bityo FeS reagent ibice bishobora gukoreshwa muguhindagurika kuri pH ndende.Amine flotation ya limonite.Byongeye kandi, Na2S irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikorwa bya flotation kumabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa.Iyo ingano ikwiye ya Na2S yongewe kumuti wa flotation, S2 itandukanijwe ihura nigikorwa cyo kwimurwa hamwe na anion ya lattice hejuru yubutare bwa okiside kugirango ikore firime sulfide hejuru yubutare bwumuringa wa oxyde, bifite akamaro kuri adsorption y'abakusanya xanthate.Nyamara, firime ya sulfide y'umuringa ikozwe hejuru yubutare bwumuringa wa oxyde ntabwo ikomeye, kandi biroroshye kugwa mugihe gukurura bikomeye.Iyo uhuye nikirombe cya Totozui cyumuringa i Daye, Hubei (imyunyu ngugu irimo umuringa ugizwe ahanini na malachite), uburyo bwa flotation bwo kongeramo Na2S mubyiciro byinshi no gukuramo intumbero ahantu henshi bigabanya kuzenguruka kwamabuye yo hagati, hamwe numuringa wibanda cyane Ikigereranyo cy'amanota Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro cyatejwe imbere na 2,1%, naho umuringa na zahabu byagarutsweho byiyongereyeho 25,98% na 10.81%.Na2S irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka flotation activate ya pyrite ihagarikwa na peralkali lime muri sisitemu ya perkalime.Muri sisitemu ndende ya alkali, ubuso bwa pyrite butwikiriwe na hydrophilique calcium ya firime (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), ibuza flotation yayo.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nyuma yo kongeramo Na2S, HS- hydrolyzed HS- ion ishobora gukuramo Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 na Fe (OH) 3 bitwikiriye ubuso bwa pyrite kuruhande rumwe, kandi mugihe kimwe, birashobora kwandikwa kuri Ubuso bwa pyrite..Kuberako pyrite ifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza electron, mugihe ubushobozi bwimbere ya pyrite burenze EHS / S0, HS- itakaza electron hejuru ya xanthate kugirango itange hydrophobique element sulfure.Ibintu byavuyemo sulfure bitwikiriye ubuso bwa minerval, bityo bikabikora kugirango flotation yoroshye.

Iyo ikoreshejwe nka flotation agent iterwa namabuye y'agaciro ya zahabu na feza, kubera ko gukusanya ibicuruzwa bidafite amabuye y'agaciro ya zahabu bifashisha byimazeyo ihame ry'amashanyarazi no gutandukanya ibikoresho bya elegitoronike hagati ya sulfide na zahabu-feza, amabuye y'agaciro atagira abayakusanya afite byinshi ibyiza.Guhitamo cyane, sisitemu yimiti yoroshye.Byongeye kandi, ikuraho adsorption idatoranijwe igoye kugenzura muguhindagurika kwabakusanyirizaga xanthate, ikanakemura ikibazo cyo kuvanaho ibiyobyabwenge mbere yuko cyanide imera zahabu hamwe nikibazo cyo gukusanya firime inzitizi ya zahabu.Kubwibyo, mumyaka yashize, Hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kubyerekeranye no guhinduranya amabuye y'agaciro ya zahabu na feza adafite ibikoresho byo kugarura ibintu.Amabuye y'agaciro ya zahabu na sulfide mu bucukuzi bwa zahabu na feza akunze kubana, cyane cyane zahabu na pyrite biterwa cyane.Kuberako ubuso bwa pyrite bufite imiterere ya semiconductor hamwe nubushobozi bumwe na bumwe bwo gutwara ibintu bya elegitoronike, kandi, ukoresheje kugereranya ubushobozi bwa electrostatike yubuso bwa pyrite hamwe na HS- / S0 na EHS- / S0, mugihe pH yubucukuzi bwamabuye ari murwego rwa 8 -13, pyrite Ubushobozi bwa electrostatike yubuso bwa kirombe burigihe burenze EHS- / S0.Kubwibyo, HS- na S2- ionized na Na2S muri pulp izasohoka hejuru ya pyrite kugirango itange sulfure yibanze.

Mu nganda zimpu, sodium sulfide ikoreshwa cyane.

Ahanini koresha uburyo bwo guhuza ivu-alkali kugirango ukureho fibre interstitium mu ruhu, bigabanye isano iri hagati yimisatsi, epidermis na dermis, uhindure fibre ya elastique, usenye ingirangingo yimitsi, kandi wungukire ingaruka zibindi bikoresho mubikorwa bizakurikiraho kuri uruhu;saponize amavuta mu ruhu rwambaye ubusa, gukuramo igice cyamavuta kuruhu no gufasha kwangirika;gufungura urwego rwa kabiri rwigice cya kolagen, kugirango fibre ya kolagen irashobora kurekurwa neza no kurekura amatsinda menshi ya kolagen;no gukuraho ikoti na epidermis (umusatsi ubora alkali).

Tutibagiwe n'amabara ya sulfuru afite amateka yimyaka irenga ijana.Umusaruro wamabara ugerwaho ahanini muburyo bubiri bwo gukora: uburyo bwo guteka nuburyo bwo guteka.

Irangi rya sufuru iragabanuka kandi irashonga kugirango bibe igisubizo cyirangi, hanyuma leucosomes ikozwe na fibre selile, hanyuma nyuma yo kuvura umwuka wa okiside, fibre selile yerekana ibara ryifuzwa.

Matrix y'amabara ya sulfuru ntaho ihuriye na fibre, kandi imiterere yayo irimo imigozi ya sulfuru, imiyoboro ya disulfide cyangwa polysulfide, igabanywa mumatsinda ya sulfhydryl ikorwa na sodium sulfide igabanya imiti hanyuma igahinduka umunyu wa sodium ya eucosome.Impamvu ituma leucosomes ifitanye isano ya fibre ya selile ni uko molekile yamabara ari nini cyane, nayo ikabyara ingufu nini za Van der Waals nimbaraga za hydrogène zihuza fibre.

Muri iki gihe, umusaruro wa sodium sulfide urashobora kandi kugabanywa mu bwoko bune: ifu y’ifu, ifumbire mvaruganda y’amazi, ikirunga cy’amazi, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, kugabanya sulfure no gutatanya ibirunga.

1. Ifu ya volcanisation

Imiterere rusange yuburyo bwirangi ni DSSD, kandi mubisanzwe igomba gutekwa na sodium sulfide hanyuma igashyirwa nyuma yo gushonga.Ubu bwoko bw'irangi ntibushonga mumazi, irangi rirashobora kugabanuka kuri leuco hamwe na alkaline igabanya imiti, hanyuma igashonga mumazi, umunyu wa sodium wa leuco urashobora kwinjizwa na fibre

2. Kurandura amazi

Inzira rusange yuburyo bwo gusiga irangi ni D-SSO3Na.Ikiranga ubu bwoko bw'irangi ni uko hari amatsinda ashonga amazi mumiterere ya molekuline y'irangi, ifite ibisubizo byiza hamwe nibintu byiza byo gusiga irangi.Koresha amarangi asanzwe ya sulfure hamwe na sodium sulfite cyangwa sodium bisulfite kugirango ubyare irangi thiosulfate, ifite imbaraga za 150g / L kuri 20 ° C kandi ikoreshwa mugusiga irangi.Amabara ya sulfure yamashanyarazi ashonga vuba mubushyuhe bwicyumba, ntakintu kidashobora gukemuka, kandi ubwuzure bwuzuye burahagije kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byose kugirango iseswa rya dosiye.Irangi ryamazi ya sulfure irangi rifite ubushyuhe buhebuje bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe.Ariko, irangi ntabwo ririmo ibintu bigabanya kandi ntaho bihuriye na fibre.Birakenewe kongeramo alkali sulfide mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, hanyuma ukayihindura muburyo bufitanye isano na fibre selile binyuze muri nucleophilique no kugabanya reaction.Mubisanzwe, ikoreshwa kumyenda ikoresheje irangi rya padi.

3. Ibirunga byamazi

Imiterere rusange yuburyo bwirangi ni D-SNa, ikubiyemo urugero runaka rwa sodium sulfide igabanya imiti kugirango ibanze igabanye irangi kumazi ya elegitoronike.Kugabanya amarangi asanzwe ya sulfure kumazi ya elegitoronike ya leuco hamwe no kugabanya imiti, ukongeramo ibintu birenze urugero nka antioxydeant, ukongeramo ibintu byinjira, umunyu udasanzwe hamwe nuworoshya amazi kugirango ukore irangi ryamazi, bizwi kandi ko ryabanje kugabanywa.Irashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye ukoresheje amazi.Irangi nk'iryo ririmo amarangi arimo sulfure, nk'irangi rya Casulfon ririmo sodium sulfide, kandi rikaba ririmo na sulferi nkeya cyangwa nkeya cyane, nk'amabara ya Immedial, kandi nta mazi arimo imyanda irimo sulfuru mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi.

4. Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije

Mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro, binonosowe muri leucochrome, ariko ibirimo sulfure nibirimo polysulfide biri munsi cyane kuruta amarangi asanzwe ya sulfuru.Irangi rifite isuku ryinshi, kugabanuka guhamye, hamwe no gutembera neza.Muri icyo gihe, glucose na sodium hydrosulfite ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bigabanya binini mu bwogero bw'irangi, bidashobora kugabanya gusa irangi rya sulfuru, ahubwo binagira uruhare mu bidukikije.

5. Kugabanuka kwa sufuru

Akenshi bikozwe mu ifu, nziza, ifu ya ultrafine cyangwa irangi ryamazi, bikwiranye nigitambara cya polyester-ipamba hamwe no gusasa amarangi mugusiga amarangi amwe, birashobora gukoreshwa mukugabanya soda ya caustic, sodium hydrosulfite (cyangwa dioxyde de thiourea), aho kuba sodium sulfide kugabanya no gusesa, nka irangi rya Hydron Indocarbon.

6. Gukwirakwiza ibirunga

Gukwirakwiza amarangi ya sulfuru ashingiye ku marangi ya sulfuru no gusiga irangi rya sulfure, kandi bikozwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gutunganya ubucuruzi bwo gusiga amarangi.Zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusiga irangi rya polyester-viscose cyangwa polyester-ipamba ivanze hamwe n amarangi yatatanye mu bwogero bumwe.Hariho ubwoko 16 bwa Kayaku Homodye bwakozwe na Nippon Kayaku.

Inzira yihariye yo gusiga irangi irashobora kugabanywamo intambwe enye

(1) Kugabanya amarangi Biroroshye gushonga amarangi ya sulfuru.Sodium sulfide ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bigabanya, kandi ikora nka agent ya alkali.Kugirango wirinde umubiri wa leuco kuba hydrolyzed, ivu rya soda nibindi bintu birashobora kongerwamo uko bikwiye, ariko alkalinity yo kwiyuhagira kugabanya ntigomba gukomera cyane, bitabaye ibyo igipimo cyo kugabanya amarangi kizatinda.

(2) Irangi leuco mubisubizo by'irangi ryinjizwa na fibre.Leuco y'irangi rya sulfure ibaho muri leta ya anion mugisubizo cy'irangi.Ifite icyerekezo cya fibre selile kandi irashobora kwamamazwa hejuru ya fibre hanyuma igakwirakwizwa imbere muri fibre.Irangi rya sufuru leuco ifite ubushobozi buke kuri fibre ya selile, mubisanzwe ifata igipimo gito cyo kwiyuhagira, kandi ikongeramo electrolyte ikwiye icyarimwe, irashobora kongera igipimo cyo gusiga irangi mubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi igatera irangi ryurwego no kwinjira.

.Oxidation nintambwe yingenzi nyuma yo gusiga irangi rya sulfuru.Nyuma yo gusiga irangi, byoroshye okiside irangi ya sulfuru irashobora guhindurwamo umwuka nyuma yo gukaraba no guhumeka, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo gukoresha umwuka wa okiside;kubirangi bimwe na bimwe bya sulfuru bitaba byoroshye okiside, imiti ya okiside ikoreshwa mugutezimbere okiside.

. mu irangi na sulferi muri alkali ya volcanize ihumeka mu kirere byoroshye gukora aside sulfurike, izatera aside hydrolysis kuri fibre ya selile kandi ikangiza.Mugabanye imbaraga kandi utume fibre icika.Kubwibyo, irashobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana, nka: urea, fosifate ya trisodium, glue yamagufa, sodium acetate, nibindi. Kugira ngo urumuri rwizuba hamwe nisabune yihuta yamabara ya sulfuru, birashobora gukosorwa nyuma yo gusiga irangi.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kuvura amabara: kuvura umunyu wicyuma (nka potasiyumu dichromate, sulfate y'umuringa, acetate y'umuringa hamwe nuruvange rwiyi myunyu) hamwe no kuvura ibara ryerekana ibara (nkibikoresho byo gutunganya amabara Y).Mu musaruro, nibyiza gukoresha ibara ritunganya amabara M, ryongewemo na cationic color-fixing agent hamwe numunyu wumuringa, bishobora kugabanya umwanda wa chromium.

l Sodium sulfide: Nyamuneka witondere ibi mugihe ukoresha!

“Urumva ubabaye kubera ko ufite ibibazo?”

Sodium Sulfide yarunamye ariko ntavuga, ariko ijwi ryongera kumvikana

“Ariko, ni byiza.”

Sodium sulfide yarebye uyu mugabo wari wambaye imyenda irwanya ruswa, mask ya gaze na gants ya rubber

“Reba, ibyo biroroshye cyane kandi ntibitera ikibazo na gato.”

“Oya, birababaje cyane.Ugomba kwambara imyenda y'akazi yo kurwanya ruswa, mask ya gaze, na gants ya rubber.Ibintu bisanzwe ntacyo bimaze.Ufite ingamba nyinshi zo kwirinda.Niba utitonze, uzakomereka.Ugomba guhangana nabo mugihe cyo gukoresha.imyanda n'amazi. ”

“Icyakora, mfite igisubizo.Ntabwo ngomba gukomereka, kandi ndashobora kubikemura neza.

Niba mperutse kuyisuka kumyenda yanjye, nkeneye guhita nkuramo imyenda yanduye ako kanya, kwoza n'amazi menshi atemba byibuze muminota 15 hanyuma njya kwa muganga;iyo nkoze ku bw'impanuka, nshobora guhita nterura ijisho nkamesa n'amazi menshi atemba Cyangwa umunyu usanzwe woza neza byibuze byibuze iminota 15 mbere yo kwivuza;niba guhumeka kubwimpanuka, nzahita mva aho hantu njya ahantu hamwe numwuka mwiza kugirango inzira yumuyaga idakumirwa.Niba guhumeka bigoye, ongera ubaze ogisijeni.Niba guhumeka bihagaze, kora guhumeka byihuse hanyuma ushakire kwa muganga;niba byamize kubwimpanuka, nzogeje umunwa namazi, nywe amata cyangwa umweru w'igi, hanyuma nshake kwa muganga.“

“Ariko ndacyafite umuriro!”

Ati: "Ndabizi, uri ikintu cyo gutwika ubwacyo mu buryo butagira amazi, kandi ivumbi ryoroshye guhita ryaka mu kirere.Bizabora iyo ihuye na aside ikarekura imyuka yaka umuriro.Irashobora kandi gukora imvange iturika iyo iri muburyo bwa poro, kandi igisubizo cyamazi nacyo cyangirika kandi ni uburozi bukabije.Kurakara cyane.Kuri 100 ° C utangira guhumeka, kandi umwuka ushobora gutera ikirahure. ”

Na Su yumvise ibi, yumva ababaye cyane.Umutwe wari wazamutse nonaha wari umaze kunanuka, ntutinyuke kongera kureba uwatanze disikuru.

“Ariko ntacyo bitwaye, igihe cyose amazi, amazi y'ibicu, n'umucanga bishobora kuzimya umuriro.Niba hari ibimenetse, shyira ahantu handuye, shyira mask yuzuye mumaso hamwe na anti-acide na alkali imyenda yakazi hanyuma winjire mubyabaye biturutse kumuyaga wo hejuru.Isuka ikusanyirizwa mu kintu cyumye, gisukuye, gitwikiriye, cyangwa kwozwa n'amazi menshi, kivangwa hanyuma kigashyirwa muri sisitemu y’amazi.Niba ari imyanda minini, irashobora gukusanywa gusa no kuyitunganya cyangwa kuyijyana ahajugunywe imyanda.Ariko ibi byose Nubumenyi twize hakiri kare, kandi abakozi ba societe yacu bakoze imyitozo yumwuga kandi itunganijwe kandi itunganijwe kugirango hatabaho kumeneka.Ntugire ubwoba, ureke kumva icyaha, ntabwo ari amakosa yawe! ”

Hashize akanya, Sodium Sulfide yazamuye umutwe ati: “Ariko ugomba kwitonda!Nubwo waba warabyize, ugomba no kwitonda, ni bibi rwose kunkoresha. ”

l Sodium sulfide: Niba ushaka kunkuramo, nyamuneka witondere!

“Gupakira no gutwara sodium sulfide uyumunsi.Uzi ingamba zose.Uzi ibisobanuro n'ibipakira! ”

“Yego!”

Mu gihe gito, uruganda rwatangiye gukora cyane.

Sodium sulfide ifunze cyane mu ngoma ya mm 0,5 z'uburebure, kandi uburemere bwa buri ngoma ntiburenza kg 100.Nyuma yo gupakira, yapakiwe kuri gondola.

Abagenzuzi b'umutekano wa gari ya moshi bateranya ibicuruzwa biteje akaga bakurikije imbonerahamwe y’ibicuruzwa biteza akaga muri Minisiteri ya Gari ya moshi “Amategeko yo gutwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga”.Mugihe cyo koherezwa, abakozi bagenzuye byimazeyo ubunyangamugayo n’umutekano by’ibipfunyika, banareba ko bitavanze na okiside, aside, imiti y’ibiribwa, n'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, imodoka nayo ifite ubwoko nubwinshi bwabyo. ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro nibikoresho byo kuvura byihutirwa.

Igihe yari mu modoka, Na S ntiyabura gutekereza kubyo umuntu yamubwiye mbere yo kugenda

Yagize ati: “Urashobora gutekereza ko ufite uburozi bukabije kandi bwangirika, ariko ugomba kumenya ko ufite byinshi ukoresha, kandi tuzabwira umuntu ugutoye icyo agomba kwitondera.Icyo ukeneye gukora nukwitonda.Kina uruhare rwawe, reka ubwitonzi bwacu bufite agaciro, reka turebe imbaraga zawe, ibi birahagije. ”

Iyo Sodium Sulfide igumye mu bushyuhe buke n'ububiko bwumye, bizakomeza kwifuza koga mu mazi, ariko ntibikiri bikarambirana, ariko ntibishobora gutegereza gufasha nyirabyo mushya kurangiza akazi!

Waba uzi koko sodium sulfide?

Nkuko twese tubizi, sodium sulfide ni uburozi kandi bwangirika, ariko ikoreshwa henshi mubice byinshi, none urumva mubyukuri amakuru ajyanye na sodium sulfide?

l Incamake ya sodium sulfide

Sodium sodium nziza ni ifu ya kirisiti itagira ibara hamwe na hygroscopique ikomeye kandi irashobora gushonga mumazi.Umuti w'amazi ufite reaction ya alkaline ikomeye kandi izatera inkongi y'umuriro iyo ikora ku ruhu no ku musatsi, bityo sodium sulfide nayo yitwa alkali sulfide.Sodium sulfide yumuti wamazi uzahinduka buhoro buhoro muri sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate na sodium polysulfide mukirere.Ibara rya sodium sulfide yinganda ni umutuku, umutuku wijimye, na khaki kubera umwanda.Sodium sulfide yumuhondo hamwe numunuko wa hydrogen sulfide hamwe na hygroscopicity.Ihinduka umuhondo ugahinduka umukara-umukara iyo ihuye n'umucyo no mu kirere, ikagenda itanga buhoro buhoro hydrogène sulfide, ishobora kubora iyo ihuye na aside cyangwa aside aside.Irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumazi, gushonga gato muri Ethanol, no kudashonga muri ether.Umuti w'amazi ni alkaline, kandi igisubizo kizahinduka buhoro buhoro sodium thiosulfate na hydroxide ya sodium iyo ishyizwe mu kirere.

Iterambere rya sodium sulfide mugihugu cyanjye rifite amateka maremare kandi afite uburambe.Umusaruro wa sodium sulfide watangiye mu myaka ya 1830, kandi umusaruro muto watangijwe bwa mbere n’uruganda rukora imiti i Dalian, Liaoning.Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980 kugeza hagati ya 1990, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeye ry’inganda mpuzamahanga z’imiti, inganda za sodium sulfide zo mu gihugu zagize impinduka zifatika.Umubare wabakora nubunini wiyongereye cyane, kandi iterambere ryihuta.Agace ka sodium sulfide gaherereye muri Yuncheng, Shanxi karagutse vuba kugera mu ntara n’uturere birenga 10 birimo Yunnan, Sinayi, Mongoliya Imbere, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, na Shaanxi.Umusaruro w’igihugu ku mwaka wazamutse uva kuri toni 420.000 mu mpera za 1980 ugera kuri toni 640.000 hagati ya 1990.Umusaruro wacyo utera imbere byihuse muri Mongoliya y'imbere, Gansu, na Sinayi mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa.Ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro Mongoliya Imbere bugeze kuri toni 200.000, kandi bwabaye umusingi munini w’ibicuruzwa bya sodium sulfide mu Bushinwa.

Kuva uruganda rwacu rwatangira kuvugana nibicuruzwa bya sodium sulfide, twageze kubufatanye namasosiyete menshi kandi twabonye isuzuma ryinshi cyane.Turashobora kwemeza ibicuruzwa byiza nubwikorezi nibindi bibazo, "serivisi nziza", "ibicuruzwa mbere" na "umukiriya ubanza" Ni ihame twahoraga twubahiriza!

Gukoresha sodium sulfide:

1. Inganda zirangi zikoreshwa mugukora amarangi ya sulfuru, kandi nibikoresho fatizo byubururu bwa sulfuru nubururu bwa sulfuru.

2. Mu nganda zo gucapa no gusiga amarangi, zikoreshwa nk'imfashanyo yo gusiga irangi rya sulfuru.

3. Mu nganda zimpapuro, zikoreshwa nkumukozi wo guteka impapuro.

4. Mu nganda z’imyenda, ikoreshwa muguhakana fibre yakozwe n'abantu no kugabanya nitrate, kandi nka mordant yo gusiga irangi.

5. Mu nganda zogosha, zikoreshwa muri hydrolysis kugirango yanduze uruhu rwibanze, kandi ikoreshwa no gutegura sodium polysulfide kugirango yihutishe gushiramo uruhu rwumye no koroshya.

6. Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mukuvura urwego rwumuyoboro mugutanga amashanyarazi ataziguye, binyuze mumyitwarire ya sodium sulfide na palladium kugirango ikore colloidal palladium sulfide kugirango igere ku ntego yo gukora urwego rwiza ruyobora hejuru yubutare butari ubutare.

7. Uruganda rwa farumasi rukoreshwa mugukora antipyretike nka phenacetine.

8. Hariho kandi bimwe mubikoreshwa mubikorwa bya gisirikare.

9. Mu guhinduranya amabuye y'agaciro, sodium sulfide ni yo ibuza amabuye menshi ya sulfide, umukozi wa sulfide wo mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro adafite ferrous, hamwe na deagent ya vitamine ivanze ya sulfide.

10. Mu gutunganya amazi, akoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura amashanyarazi cyangwa andi mazi y’amazi arimo ioni y’icyuma, kandi agakoresha ion ya sulfure kugira ngo agabanye ioni y’icyuma kugira ngo akureho ion ibyuma, nka germanium, amabati, isasu, ifeza, kadmium, umuringa, mercure, zinc , manganese gutegereza.Uburyo bwa imvura ya sodium sulfide irashobora kugarura ibintu byibyuma byamazi mumazi aremereye.

11. Ongeramo urugero rukwiye rwa sodium sulfide kumuti wa alkaline etching ya aluminium na alloys birashobora kuzamura cyane ubwiza bwubuso bwarwo, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa mugukuraho imyanda iremereye ya alkali-soluble nka zinc mumuti wa alkaline. .

12. Nibikoresho fatizo bya sodiumi thiosulfate, sodium polysulfide, amarangi ya sulfuru, nibindi.

13. Gusesengura ubukana bw'amazi mu musaruro w'ifumbire ya azote.

Ibisobanuro:

Inganda z'ibyuma:

1. , Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Cu2 +, etc.Byongeye kandi, kugirango wirinde emulisiyonike mugikorwa cyakurikiyeho cyo gukuramo, ion zanduye mumazi y'ibiryo zigomba kubanza gukurwaho.Ibicuruzwa biva mu bubiko bwa metero nyinshi za sulfide zerekanwa kumeza yometse.Iyo Na2S yongewe kubutaka budasanzwe bworoshye, ion ziremereye ion Cu2 +, Pb2 +, Zn2 +, nibindi mubisubizo birashobora kuvaho neza.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kugenzura pH nka 5 no kongeramo Na2S kubutaka budasanzwe byoroshye gukuraho umwanda ntabwo bigira ingaruka nziza zo gukuraho umwanda gusa, ahubwo binatakaza isi idasanzwe.

2) Koresha Na2S kugirango ukureho arsenic.Ubusanzwe Arsenic ibaho mumabuye y'agaciro muburyo bwa sulfide.Mugihe cya pyrometallurgie, igice kinini cya arsenic gihinduka gazi ya fu n ivumbi, cyane cyane kohereza imyuka muke ya SO2 ihumanya ibidukikije.Kubwibyo, kuvanaho arsenic bigomba gukorwa mbere ya gaz ya flue nyuma yo kuvurwa cyangwa gusiba.Koresha igisubizo cya Na2S kugirango ushiremo gaz ya fl2 ya SO2, kugirango As3 + na S2- bigabanye imvura ya As2S3 (Ksp = 2.1 × 10-22), kuri pH yo hejuru (pH> 8), As2S3 irashobora gushonga kugirango ibe As3S3-6 cyangwa AsS2- 3, ugereranije na At pH nkeya, igisubizo kizabyara gaze ya H2S.Ubushakashatsi bwa Yin Aijun n'abandi.] 90%.% hejuru.Mu gukora imiti yera ya karubone yera, kugirango hagabanuke ibirimo arsenic yanduye muri acide ya sulfurike yibanze yibikoresho bibyara umusaruro, sodium sulfide yongewe kuri acide sulfurike yibanze kugirango As3 + ibe As2S3 hanyuma igwe kandi ikuremo.Imyitozo yumusaruro yerekana ko sodium sulfide ikuraho arsenic ntabwo yihuta gusa, ariko kandi ikuraho burundu arsenic.Ibiri muri arsenic muri acide sulfurike nyuma yo gukuraho arsenic ntibiri munsi ya 0.5 × 10-6, naho arsenic yibara ryumukara wa karubone yera ikorwa nibi bikoresho fatizo ni .000.0003%, ibyo bikaba byubahiriza byimazeyo amabwiriza ya Pharmacopoeia yo muri Amerika.

Gutunganya amazi:

Nibikorwa cyane cyane guhangana namazi arimo mercure yangiza cyane ibidukikije nubuzima bwabantu.Mu nganda zikora soda, ibinyabuzima bya mercure mumazi yasohotse muri rusange ni hejuru, birenze urugero mpuzamahanga (0.05mg / L).Mubisubizo bidakomeye (pH 8-11), ion ya mercure irashobora gukora imvura idashonga hamwe na sodium sulfide.Birashobora kugaragara kumeza yometseho ko ibicuruzwa biva muri HgS ari bito cyane (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Binyuze mu bushakashatsi, hemejwe ko ingaruka zo kuvura ari nziza mugihe ingano ya Na2S ihoraho kandi agaciro ka pH kagenzurwa kuri 9-10, kandi Hg2 + mumazi y’amazi ashobora kugabanuka kugeza munsi yigihugu (0.05mg / L).Byongeye kandi, wongeyeho FeSO4 kugirango ubyare Fe (OH) 2 na Fe (OH) 3 colloide mumazi, izo colloide ntizishobora gusa kwamamaza ion ya mercure, ariko kandi umutego n'ikote byahagaritse ibice bikomeye bya HgS, bigira uruhare runini mukwikwirakwiza no kugwa. .Ibimera ntibyoroshye kwanduzwa kabiri kandi biroroshye kujugunywa.

Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi:

1) Na2S ikoreshwa nkumucyo muri electroplating:

Sodium sulfide ishonga mumazi hanyuma ikayungurura mo ion ya sodium yuzuye neza (Na +) hamwe na sulfide ion (S2-).Mugihe cya electroplating process, kuba S2- muri electrolyte birashobora guteza imbere cathode polarisiyasi.Mugihe kimwe Muriyi miterere, cathode reaction yihuta.Umuvuduko wo kubitsa nawo wihuta, ubushobozi bwimbitse bwo gusasa bwiyongera, igipfundikizo kiratunganijwe, kandi ubuso bwigice cyashizweho burabagirana bikwiranye.

2) Sodium sulfide ikuraho umwanda muri electrolyte:

Mugihe cyo kubyara amashanyarazi, umwanda mwinshi cyangwa muto mubikoresho fatizo bizazanwa mubisubizo byisahani.Iyi myanda itwara ukundi mugikorwa cya electrode, kandi umwanda ufite ubushobozi buke uzashyirwa hejuru yigice cyashizweho hamwe na Zn2 +, bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yurwego.Nyuma yo kongeramo sodium sulfide, S2- muri sodium sulfide irashobora gukora imvura igwa hamwe na ion zanduye zicyuma, bikabuza umwanda kwitabira reaction ya electrochemicique no gutwikira neza.

3) Gukoresha igisubizo cya Na2S mugutanga gaze ya flue

Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kugarura SO2 muri gaze ya flue ni uguhindura SO2 muri H2SO4, amazi ya SO2 na sulferi yibanze.Amazi meza ya sulfure nayo nigicuruzwa cyiza cyo gutunganya bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gutwara no gutwara.Inzira nshya yo kubyara sulfure yibanze ukoresheje H2S ikomoka kumuti wa Na2S nkigikoresho cyo kugabanya SO2.Ubu buryo buroroshye kandi ntibukeneye gukoresha ibintu bihenze bigabanya nka gaze gasanzwe hamwe namakara ya sulferi nkeya nkikoranabuhanga rusange.Iyo pH yumuti igabanutse kugera kuri 8.5-7.5, kwinjiza SO2 hamwe na Na2S bizabyara H2S, naho H2S na SO2 bizahura na Claus itose mugice cyamazi.

Inganda zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro:

1) Sodium sulfide nka inhibitor:

Ingaruka zo kubuza sodium sulfide kumabuye ya sulfide muri rusange bemeza ko biterwa ahanini nibintu bibiri.Imwe muriyo nuko Na2S hydrolyzes itanga HS-, HS- ikuyemo xanthate yamamajwe hejuru yubutare bwa sulfide, kandi mugihe kimwe, irashirwa hejuru yubutaka kugirango yongere hydrophilique yubutaka bwa minerval;urundi ni Ku ruhande rumwe, hafatwa ko ingaruka zo guhagarika Na2S zidatewe gusa na adsorption ya HS- hejuru yubutaka, ahubwo ifitanye isano na S2- iterwa na ionisation ya Na2S mugisubizo cyamazi.

2) Sodium sulfide nkumukangurambaga:

Ubushakashatsi bwa flotation bwa sisitemu ya smithsonite-limonite bwerekanye ko muri flonation ya limonite amine, gusa kuri pH yo hepfo, amine yashoboraga kwerekanwa hejuru yubutaka nimbaraga za electrostatike.Ariko, nyuma yo kongeramo Na2S, firime ya FeS ikorwa hejuru ya limonite.Kubera ko firime ya FeS ishobora kongera adsorption ya amine ya molekuline kuri pH iri hejuru, ibice bya reagent ya FeS birashobora gukoreshwa muguhindagurika, kandi limonite irashobora kugabanuka kuri pH ndende.Amine flotation yarakozwe.Byongeye kandi, Na2S irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikorwa bya flotation kumabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa.Iyo ingano ikwiye ya Na2S yongewe kumuti wa flotation, S2 itandukanijwe ihura nigikorwa cyo kwimurwa hamwe na anion ya lattice hejuru yubutare bwa okiside kugirango ikore firime sulfide hejuru yubutare bwumuringa wa oxyde, bifite akamaro kuri adsorption y'abakusanya xanthate.Nyamara, firime ya sulfide y'umuringa ikozwe hejuru yubutare bwumuringa wa oxyde ntabwo ikomeye, kandi biroroshye kugwa mugihe gukurura bikomeye.Iyo uhuye nikirombe cya Totozui cyumuringa i Daye, Hubei (imyunyu ngugu irimo umuringa ugizwe ahanini na malachite), uburyo bwa flotation bwo kongeramo Na2S mubyiciro byinshi no gukuramo intumbero ahantu henshi bigabanya kuzenguruka kwamabuye yo hagati, hamwe numuringa wibanda cyane Ikigereranyo cy'amanota Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro cyatejwe imbere na 2,1%, naho umuringa na zahabu byagarutsweho byiyongereyeho 25,98% na 10.81%.Na2S irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka flotation activate ya pyrite ihagarikwa na peralkali lime muri sisitemu ya perkalime.Muri sisitemu ndende ya alkali, ubuso bwa pyrite butwikiriwe na hydrophilique calcium ya firime (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), ibuza flotation yayo.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nyuma yo kongeramo Na2S, HS- hydrolyzed HS- ion ishobora gukuramo Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 na Fe (OH) 3 bitwikiriye ubuso bwa pyrite kuruhande rumwe, kandi mugihe kimwe, birashobora kwandikwa kuri Ubuso bwa pyrite..Kuberako pyrite ifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza electron, mugihe ubushobozi bwimbere ya pyrite burenze EHS / S0, HS- itakaza electron hejuru ya xanthate kugirango itange hydrophobique element sulfure.Ibintu byavuyemo sulfure bitwikiriye ubuso bwa minerval, bityo bikabikora kugirango flotation yoroshye.

3) Sodium sulfide ikoreshwa nkibikoresho biterwa na minisiteri ya zahabu na feza:

Kubera ko flotation idafite ubutare bwa zahabu ikoresha byimazeyo ihame ryamashanyarazi n itandukaniro rya electron hejuru ya sulfide namabuye y'agaciro ya zahabu-feza, flotation idafite abaterankunga ifite uburyo bwo guhitamo hamwe na sisitemu yoroshye ya reagent.Byongeye kandi, ikuraho adsorption idatoranijwe igoye kugenzura muguhindagurika kwabakusanyirizaga xanthate, ikanakemura ikibazo cyo kuvanaho ibiyobyabwenge mbere yuko cyanide imera zahabu hamwe nikibazo cyo gukusanya firime inzitizi ya zahabu.Kubwibyo, mumyaka yashize, Hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kubyerekeranye no guhinduranya amabuye y'agaciro ya zahabu na feza adafite ibikoresho byo kugarura ibintu.Amabuye y'agaciro ya zahabu na sulfide mu bucukuzi bwa zahabu na feza akunze kubana, cyane cyane zahabu na pyrite biterwa cyane.Kuberako ubuso bwa pyrite bufite imiterere ya semiconductor hamwe nubushobozi bumwe na bumwe bwo gutwara ibintu bya elegitoronike, kandi, ukoresheje kugereranya ubushobozi bwa electrostatike yubuso bwa pyrite hamwe na HS- / S0 na EHS- / S0, mugihe pH yubucukuzi bwamabuye ari murwego rwa 8 -13, pyrite Ubushobozi bwa electrostatike yubuso bwa kirombe burigihe burenze EHS- / S0.Kubwibyo, HS- na S2- ionized na Na2S muri pulp izasohoka hejuru ya pyrite kugirango itange sulfure yibanze.

Uruhuingandary:

Ukoresheje uburyo bwo guhuza imvi-alkali:

(1) Uburyo bwa lime alkali nziza: guhuza sodium sulfide na lime;

.Bitewe n'ubusembwa bukomeye bwa soda ya caustic, umusaruro wogukora ubu ntabwo ahanini ari ugukora uruhu rwingurube gusa, ahubwo no kugabanya.Koresha soda nkeya;

(4) Kugabanuka.

Kuri:

1. Kuraho matrike ya fibrous interdermal, ugabanye isano iri hagati yimisatsi, epidermis na dermis, uhindure fibre elastique, usenye imitsi yimitsi, kandi wungukire ingaruka zibindi bikoresho kuruhu muburyo bukurikira;

2. Saponize amavuta muruhu rwambaye ubusa, ukureho igice cyamavuta kuruhu, kandi ugire uruhare runini mukwangirika;

3. Fungura umugozi wa kabiri wigice cya kolagen, kugirango fibre ya kolagen irekurwe neza kandi amatsinda menshi ya kolagen arekurwa;

4. Kuraho ikoti na cuticle (umusatsi wa alkali uboze).

Inganda zisiga amarangi:

Irangi rya sufuru rifite amateka yimyaka irenga 100 kuva bavuka.Irangi rya mbere rya sulfure ryakozwe na Croissant na Bretonniere mu 1873. Bahujije ibikoresho birimo fibre organic, nka chipi yimbaho, humus, bran, ipamba yimyanda hamwe n imyanda Impapuro, nibindi biboneka mugushyushya alkali sulfide na polysulfide.Iri bara ryijimye, rifite impumuro mbi ya hygroscopique rifite imiterere idahwitse kandi irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumazi.Iyo gusiga ipamba hamwe no kwiyuhagira alkaline no kwiyuhagira alkali sulfide, haboneka irangi ryatsi.Ipamba irashobora guhinduka umukara iyo ihuye numwuka cyangwa oxyde oxyde ikoresheje igisubizo cya dichromate kugirango ikosore ibara.Kuberako ayo marangi afite imikorere myiza yo gusiga irangi nigiciro gito, arashobora gukoreshwa muruganda rwo gusiga ipamba.

Mu 1893, R.Vikal yashongesheje p-aminofenol hamwe na sodium sulfide na sulferi kugira ngo irangi irangi ryirabura.Yasanze kandi bimwe mu bikomoka kuri benzene na naphthalene bishobora gushongeshwa na sulfure na sodium sulfide kugira ngo bibyare amarangi atandukanye ya sulfuru.irangi.Kuva icyo gihe, abantu bakoze amabara yubururu, umutuku nicyatsi kibisi.Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bwo gutegura no gusiga amarangi nabwo bwatejwe imbere cyane.Irangi ryamazi ya sulfure, irangi ryamazi ya sulfuru hamwe n irangi ryangiza ibidukikije ryangiza ibidukikije byagaragaye nyuma yikindi, bigatuma amarangi ya sulferi atera imbere.

Amabara ya sufuru kuri ubu ni rimwe mu marangi akoreshwa cyane.Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, umusaruro w’irangi rya sulfuru ku isi ugera kuri toni zirenga 100.000, kandi ubwoko bw’ingenzi ni amarangi yirabura ya sulfuru.Kugeza ubu, ibisohoka byumukara wa sulfure bingana na 75% ~ 85% yumusaruro wose wamabara ya sulfuru.Kubera synthèse yoroheje, igiciro gito, kwihuta kwiza kandi nta kanseri itera, itoneshwa nabakora icapiro no gusiga irangi.Ikoreshwa cyane mugusiga irangi rya pamba nizindi fibre ya selile, kandi urukurikirane rwumukara nubururu nirwo rukoreshwa cyane.

Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gukora inganda zo gusiga amarangi ya sulfuru:

)

Ibyiciro

1) Ifu ya volcanisation

2) Amazi adashobora gushonga

3) Ibirunga byamazi

4) Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije

5) Kugabanuka kwa sufuru

6) Gukwirakwiza ibirunga

Uburyo bwo gusiga amarangi

Irangi rya sufuru ni ubwoko bw'amabara arimo sulfuru.Molekile irimo imigozi ya sulfuru igizwe na atome ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi.Iyo ushyizwe mubikorwa, bigabanywa mumubiri wa leuco, kugirango ibashe gushonga mumazi hanyuma irangi fibre.Ibiranga irangi rya sulfuru biratandukanye n'ubwoko bw'irangi.Amabara ya sufuru afite gukaraba cyane kandi birashoboka cyane.Nubwo kwihuta kwihuta no kugaragara neza atari byiza nkibara risa, kwihuta kwabyo no kwihuta kwurumuri nibyiza kuruta amarangi yangiza, kandi amarangi ya sulfuru akoresha umunyu muke kandi akoresha amazi make mugihe cyo gusiga irangi.bake.Irangi rya sufuru ni ibinyabuzima birimo amatsinda ya nitro na amino, inyinshi muri zo zikaba ziterwa no gukora sulfure na sodium sulfide ku bushyuhe bwinshi.Amabara menshi ya sulfuru ntabwo afite formulaire yimiti.Ihame ryo gusiga irangi rya sulfuru risa n'iry'amabara ya vat.Zikora amazi ya elegitoronike ya elegitoronike ifitanye isano na fibre yo gusiga fibre binyuze mumiti igabanya imiti, hanyuma igahuza cyane na fibre binyuze muri okiside.

Irangi rya sufuru ntirishobora gushonga mumazi, kandi sodium sulfide cyangwa izindi miti igabanya irasabwa kugabanya amarangi kugirango acike leucosomes mugihe cyo gusiga irangi.Ifite isano ya fibre kandi irangi fibre, hanyuma igarura imiterere yayo idashonga nyuma ya okiside hamwe niterambere ryamabara kandi igakosora kuri fibre.Irangi rya sulfure rero naryo ni ubwoko bwa vat irangi.Irangi rya sufuru rirashobora gukoreshwa mugusiga irangi ipamba, imyenda, viscose nizindi fibre.Inzira yo gukora iroroshye, igiciro ni gito, kandi irashobora gusiga irangi rimwe cyangwa amabara avanze.Ifite umuvuduko mwiza wumucyo kandi wambara nabi.Hano habuze ibara ry'umutuku n'umuhengeri mu ibara ry'amabara, kandi ibara ryijimye, rikwiriye gusiga amabara yijimye.

Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi

Inzira:

Inzira yo gusiga irashobora kugabanywamo intambwe enye zikurikira:

1) Kugabanya amarangi Biroroshye cyane gushonga amarangi ya sulfuru.Sodium sulfide ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bigabanya, kandi ikora nka agent ya alkali.Kugirango wirinde umubiri wa leuco kuba hydrolyzed, ivu rya soda nibindi bintu birashobora kongerwamo uko bikwiye, ariko alkalinity yo kwiyuhagira kugabanya ntigomba gukomera cyane, bitabaye ibyo igipimo cyo kugabanya amarangi kizatinda.

2) Irangi leuco mumuti wo gusiga irangi rya fibre.Leuco y'irangi rya sulfuru ibaho muri leta ya anion mugisubizo cyo gusiga irangi.Ifite icyerekezo cya fibre selile kandi irashobora kwamamazwa hejuru ya fibre hanyuma igakwirakwizwa imbere muri fibre.Irangi rya sufuru leuco ifite ubushobozi buke kuri fibre ya selile, mubisanzwe ifata igipimo gito cyo kwiyuhagira, kandi ikongeramo electrolyte ikwiye icyarimwe, irashobora kongera igipimo cyo gusiga irangi mubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi igatera irangi ryurwego no kwinjira.

3) Kuvura Oxidation Nyuma yo gusiga irangi rya sulfuru irangi irangi kuri fibre, igomba kuba oxyde kugirango yerekane ibara ryifuzwa.Oxidation nintambwe yingenzi nyuma yo gusiga irangi rya sulfuru.Nyuma yo gusiga irangi, byoroshye okiside irangi ya sulfuru irashobora guhindurwamo umwuka nyuma yo gukaraba no guhumeka, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo gukoresha umwuka wa okiside;kubirangi bimwe na bimwe bya sulfuru bitaba byoroshye okiside, imiti ya okiside ikoreshwa mugutezimbere okiside.

4) Nyuma yo gutunganywa Nyuma yo gutunganya harimo gusukura, gusiga amavuta, kurwanya ubukana no gutunganya amabara, nibindi. irangi na sulferi muri alkali ya volcanize byoroshye okiside mu kirere kugirango bibe aside sulfurike, bizatera aside hydrolysis kuri fibre ya selile kandi byangiza.Mugabanye imbaraga kandi utume fibre icika.Kubwibyo, irashobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana, nka: urea, fosifate ya trisodium, glue yamagufa, sodium acetate, nibindi. Kugira ngo urumuri rwizuba hamwe nisabune yihuta yamabara ya sulfuru, birashobora gukosorwa nyuma yo gusiga irangi.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kuvura amabara: kuvura umunyu wicyuma (nka potasiyumu dichromate, sulfate y'umuringa, acetate y'umuringa hamwe nuruvange rwiyi myunyu) hamwe no kuvura ibara ryerekana ibara (nkibikoresho byo gutunganya amabara Y).Mu musaruro, nibyiza gukoresha ibara ritunganya amabara M, ryongewemo na cationic color-fixing agent hamwe numunyu wumuringa, bishobora kugabanya umwanda wa chromium.

Ibibazo:

Igikorwa cyo gukora amarangi ya sufuru ni mugufi, igiciro ni gito, kandi kwihuta ni byiza, ariko kubera ko bigifite amakosa menshi nibibazo mubikorwa nyabyo no kubishyira mubikorwa, ntibishobora gukoreshwa cyane mubitambaro bitandukanye.

Sodium sulfide ikoreshwa mugukoresha amarangi ya sulfuru, kandi birakabije.Igice cya sodium sulfide gikoreshwa mukugabanya amarangi, ariko igice kirenzeho kizatanga amazi mabi arimo sulfuru.Amazi yo gusiga irangi afite sulfure nyinshi.Amazi y’imyanda ntashobora gutunganywa neza, kandi ubwiza bwamazi asohoka biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa.Niba isohotse mu buryo butaziguye, hydrogen sulfide izarekurwa, izangiza ibinyabuzima, kandi izonona gahunda y’imyanda kandi irekure umunuko, wangiza ubuzima bw’abantu (irangi ubwaryo ryangiza umubiri w’umuntu. Nta kibi kirimo ku buzima bwumukoresha kandi bifatwa nk'irangi ridafite uburozi).

Kugira ngo ikibazo cy’amazi yanduye gikemuke, uruganda rugomba gushora amafaranga menshi, ntabwo rwongera cyane igiciro cy’umusaruro, ahubwo runatanga byoroshye gazi ya hydrogène sulfide y’ubumara mugihe cyo gusiga irangi.Iyo igeze kurwego runaka mukirere, irashobora gutera umutwe, guhinda umushyitsi, isesemi, nibindi rwose.

Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zitera kugabanuka gahoro gahoro amarangi ya sulfuru.Kubera ko amarangi ya sulfuru adashobora gushonga mu mazi, ibitambara bisize irangi ntibishobora kwangirika kandi ntibirwanya guhumeka kwa chlorine.Kandi kubera ko umubare munini wa sulfide ukoreshwa mu gusiga irangi uguma mu kintu gisize irangi, ibicuruzwa byarangiye biracika intege kubera okiside yumuyaga kugirango bitange sulfate radicals mugihe cyo kubika.Ikintu gisize irangi ryirabura rya sulfuru ryirabura rikoreshwa cyane mugihe cyo kubika.Bitewe n'imikorere mibi yo gusiga irangi rya sulfuru, ibicuruzwa byamazi byatejwe imbere mumyaka yashize, ariko ni ibara ryambere ryagabanijwe irangi rya sulferi ryasheshwe.Irangi risanzwe rya sulfuru ni ibintu biteye akaga bifite alkaline nini n'umunuko, kutabika neza, byoroshye kwanduza kandi bigoye koza bitewe nuko bifitanye isano nibintu.Irangi rya sufuru rigomba kugabanuka no gushonga mbere yo gusiga fibre, kandi intambwe yo kuvura nyuma yubuvuzi iragoye, kandi inzira yose yo gusiga irangi iragoye.Irangi ryo gusiga risanzwe rigarukira gusa kuri fibre selile nka pamba.Igicucu cyamabara ya sulfure gisa naho kijimye, umukara nicyo kintu cyingenzi cyamabara, gikurikirwa nubururu, imyelayo nubururu, biragoye guhaza ibyo abantu bakeneye muri societe igezweho kugirango amabara akize kandi afite amabara.

Igisubizo:

Nkuko ibihugu bimwe bibuza kanseri ya azo amarangi.Iterambere ryamabara mashya ya sulfuru, cyane cyane irangi ryamazi ya sulfure, naryo rizagira amahirwe menshi ya fibre proteine.

Kugeza ubu, 90% by'amabara ya sulfuru ku isi aracyakoresha sodium sulfide, kandi birakabije.Igice cya sodium sulfide gikoreshwa mukugabanya amarangi, ariko ibirenze bizatanga amazi mabi arimo sulfuru.Kurekura bitaziguye bizangiza ibidukikije.Iterambere ryinshi ryamabara ya sulfuru azasimbuza ikoreshwa rya sodium sulfide ikoreshwa muri iki gihe.Ni muri urwo rwego, kwiyongera kw'ibiciro bigomba kuba bisa n’ikiguzi kiriho cyo gutunganya amazi y’amazi arimo sulfure na chlorine.Mugihe ibyo abantu bakeneye kubidukikije bigenda byiyongera, kurengera ibidukikije biragenda biba ngombwa.Birakenewe gukora ihitamo ryibidukikije rigabanya imiti na okiside yo gusiga irangi rya sulfuru.Muri icyo gihe, gukoresha irangi rya sufuru ridafite sulfure cyangwa irimo sulfure nkeya cyane birashobora gutuma ikoreshwa ryirangi rya sulfuru ryangiza ibidukikije.Niyo mpamvu, bifite akamaro kanini kongera igipimo cyo gusiga irangi no gukoresha irangi ryamabara ya sulfuru, bityo bikagabanya umubare w’amabara asigaye mu mazi mabi.

Igisobanuro cyo gusiga irangi kirimo ibintu bibiri:

1) Igipimo cya adsorption y irangi ryinzoga irangi hejuru ya fibre;

2) Igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza irangi mu binyobwa bisize irangi kuva hejuru ya fibre kugeza imbere muri fibre.

Irangi rya sufuru ntirishobora gushonga mumazi kandi rigomba kugabanuka rwose no gushonga hamwe nigabanya kugabanya mbere yo gusiga irangi.Ku mubare muto w'irangi rya sulfuru hamwe nuduce twinshi hamwe no kudashonga neza, bigomba gukangurwa cyangwa no gutekwa nyuma yo kongeramo sodium sulfide kugirango bifashe amarangi gushonga burundu.Ku rundi ruhande, fibre ya selile ihindurwa kugirango yongere umubare wamatsinda ahujwe n irangi, bityo bizamura igipimo cyo gukoresha irangi.

l Kwirinda sodium sulfide

Akaga

a) Kubangamira ubuzima: Iki gicuruzwa kirashobora kubora hydrogène sulfide mu nzira ya gastrointestinal, kandi irashobora gutera uburozi bwa hydrogen sulfide nyuma yo gutangwa mu kanwa.Kubora uruhu n'amaso.

b) Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije: Byangiza ibidukikije.

c) Ibyago biturika: Iki gicuruzwa kirashya, cyangirika cyane kandi kirakaza, kandi gishobora gutera umubiri wumuntu.

Inkeragutabara

a) Guhuza uruhu: Hita ukuramo imyenda yanduye hanyuma woge n'amazi menshi atemba byibuze muminota 15.Shakisha ubuvuzi.

b) Guhuza amaso: Ako kanya uzamure ijisho hanyuma woge neza n'amazi menshi atemba cyangwa saline isanzwe byibuze muminota 15.Shakisha ubuvuzi.

c) Guhumeka: Jya kure yikibanza vuba uhumeke neza.Komeza inzira ifunguye.Niba guhumeka bigoye, tanga ogisijeni.Niba udahumeka, tanga guhumeka byihuse.Shakisha ubuvuzi.

d) Kwinjiza: Koza umunwa n'amazi, utange amata cyangwa umweru w'igi.Shakisha ubuvuzi.

Ingamba zo kurwanya umuriro

a) Ibiranga akaga: ibintu bya anhidrous birashobora gutwikwa ubwabyo, kandi umukungugu wacyo biroroshye guhita byotsa mu kirere.Irabora mugihe cya aside kandi isohora gaze yuburozi kandi yaka umuriro.Ifu n'umwuka birashobora gukora imvange ziturika.Igisubizo cyacyo cyamazi kirangirika kandi kirakaze cyane.Itangira guhinduka kuri 100 ° C, kandi imyuka irashobora kwangirika ikirahure.

b) Ibicuruzwa bishobora gutwikwa: hydrogen sulfide, okiside ya sulfuru.

c) Uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro: Koresha amazi, utere amazi, umucanga kugirango uzimye umuriro.

Gukoresha isuka

a) Kuvura byihutirwa: gutandukanya ahantu handuye kandi wabujije kwinjira.Birasabwa ko abashinzwe ubutabazi bambara masike yumukungugu (masike yuzuye yuzuye) hamwe na anti-aside hamwe nakazi ka alkali.Injira kurubuga uhereye hejuru.

b) Amazi make yamenetse: irinde kuzamura umukungugu, gukusanya hamwe nisuka isukuye mubintu byumye, bisukuye hamwe nigifuniko.Irashobora kandi gukaraba n'amazi menshi, hanyuma amazi yogejwe akayungurura agashyirwa muri sisitemu y'amazi.

c) Umubare munini w'isuka: gukusanya no gutunganya cyangwa gutwara ahantu hajugunywe imyanda.

kubika imyanda

a) Gukemura ibibazo: Igikorwa gifunze.Abakoresha bagomba guhugurwa bidasanzwe kandi bagakurikiza byimazeyo imikorere.Birasabwa ko abashoramari bambara masike yo kwiyungurura ivumbi, ibirahuri birinda umutekano w’imiti, aside ya reberi n’imyenda irwanya alkali, na aside ya rubber hamwe na gants ya alkali.Irinde umuriro nubushyuhe, kandi birabujijwe kunywa itabi mukazi.Koresha sisitemu yo guhumeka n'ibikoresho.Irinde kubyara umukungugu.Irinde guhura na okiside na aside.Mugihe ukora, fata kandi upakurure byoroheje kugirango wirinde kwangirika kubipfunyika.Bifite ubwoko nubwinshi bwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro nibikoresho byihutirwa byihutirwa.Ibikoresho birimo ubusa bishobora kuba ibisigisigi byangiza.

b) Kwirinda kubika: Bika mububiko bukonje, buhumeka.Irinde umuriro nubushyuhe.Ubushuhe mu isomero nibyiza ntiburenze 85%.Ipaki irafunze.Igomba kubikwa ukwayo na okiside na aside, kandi ntigomba kubikwa hamwe.Ntigomba kubikwa igihe kirekire kugirango wirinde kwangirika.Bifite ibikoresho bitandukanye nubwinshi bwibikoresho byumuriro.Ahantu ho guhunika hagomba kuba hafite ibikoresho bikwiye birimo isuka.

l Kwirinda gupakira no gutwara

1. Uburyo bwo gupakira: Shyira mu ngoma y'ibyuma ya mm 0,5 kandi ushireho ikimenyetso, kandi uburemere bwa buri ngoma ntibugomba kurenza kg 100;Amacupa yo hejuru yikirahure, agapira ka fer yacagaguye amacupa yikirahure, amacupa ya plastike cyangwa udusanduku dusanzwe twibiti hanze yingoma zicyuma (amabati);Icupa ryo hejuru hejuru yikirahure, icupa rya pulasitike cyangwa ingofero yometseho amabati yoroheje yingoma (ishobora) itwikiriye agasanduku gashinzwe hasi, agasanduku ka fibre cyangwa agasanduku ka pani;amabati asize icyuma cyoroshye (gishobora), ingoma yicyuma (ishobora), icupa rya pulasitike cyangwa icyuma cya shitingi Hanze ya gasanduku.

2. Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu: Iyo butwarwa na gari ya moshi, ingoma zicyuma zirashobora gutwarwa nimodoka ifunguye.Iyo itwarwa na gari ya moshi, igomba guteranwa hakurikijwe imbonerahamwe y’ibicuruzwa biteza akaga muri “Amategeko yo gutwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga” yatanzwe na Minisiteri ya Gari ya moshi.Ibipakira bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi gupakira bigomba kuba bifite umutekano mugihe cyoherejwe.Mugihe cyo gutwara, birakenewe ko kontineri idatemba, kugwa, kugwa cyangwa kwangirika.Birabujijwe rwose kuvanga no gutwara hamwe na okiside, acide, imiti y ibiribwa, nibindi. Iyo bitwaye, ibinyabiziga bitwara abantu bigomba kuba bifite ubwoko nubwinshi bwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro nibikoresho byihutirwa byihutirwa.

Hanyuma, Wit-Kibuye asezeranya ko izaguha ibicuruzwa byiza na serivisi zuzuye.Abakozi bacu bazaba kumurongo amasaha 24 kumunsi kugirango basubize ibibazo byawe.Niba ushaka kumenya ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, twandikire!

Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-21-2023

Reka kwibeshya sodium sulfide!

Sodium karubone, izwi kandi nka soda ivu, ni imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ...

Igikonoshwa cyitwa coconut gikora iki?Igikonoshwa gishingiye kuri cocout ...

1. Imiti ikoresha Sodium bicarbonate nikintu cyingenzi ninyongera mugutegura ...

05. Carajás, Burezili KARAGAS ni nini ku isi ...

10.Escondida, Chili Gutunga ESCONDIDA ...