05. Carajás, Burezili
KARAGAS n’igihugu kinini ku isi gitanga amabuye y'icyuma, ikagereranywa na toni zigera kuri 7.2.Umucukuzi wacyo wa Mine, Vale, umuhanga mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Berezile akaba n'inzobere mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ni we utanga amabuye y'agaciro ya nikel na nikel ku isi kandi akoresha amashanyarazi icyenda.Iki kirombe gikoreshwa n’urugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa Tukurui rwegereye, umwe mu musaruro utanga umusaruro wa Berezile ndetse n’umushinga wa mbere w’amashanyarazi warangiye mu ishyamba ry’imvura rya Amazone.Tukuri, ariko, hanze yububasha bwa Vale.Amabuye y'icyuma ya Karagas ni umutako mu ikamba rya Vale.Urutare rwarwo rurimo ibyuma 67 ku ijana bityo rukaba rutanga ubutare bwiza cyane.Ibikorwa bitandukanye biri muri iki kirombe bifite 3 ku ijana by'amashyamba yose yo muri Berezile, kandi CVRD yiyemeje kurinda 97% isigaye binyuze mu bufatanye na ICMBIO na IBAMA.Muyindi mishinga irambye yiterambere, Vale yashyizeho uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro atuma uruganda rusubiramo toni miliyoni 5.2 z'amabuye y'agaciro meza cyane yashyizwe mu byuzi by’ubudozi.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: icyuma
Umukoresha: Vale
Tangira ： 1969
Umusaruro wumwaka: toni miliyoni 104.88 (2013)
04. Grasberg, Indoneziya
Azwiho imyaka myinshi nk'ububiko bwa zahabu nini ku isi, ububiko bwa zahabu bwa Glasberg muri Indoneziya ni ububiko bwa zahabu busanzwe bwa porphyry, ububiko bwabwo bukaba bwarafatwaga nk'uburangare hagati mu myaka ya za 1980, ni bwo bwavumbuwe mu 1988 muri PT Freeport Indoneziya. bifite ibigega bikomeye bikiri gucukurwa.Biteganijwe ko ibigega byayo bifite agaciro ka miliyari 40 z'amadolari kandi bikaba bifitwe na Freeport-McMoRan ku bufatanye na Rio Tinto, kimwe mu bihangange bikomeye byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ku isi.Ikirombe gifite igipimo cyihariye kandi ni ikirombe kinini cya zahabu ku isi (5030m).Ni igice gifunguye-igice naho munsi y'ubutaka.Kugeza mu 2016, hafi 75% y’ibisohoka biva mu birombe bifunguye.Freeport-McMoRan irateganya kurangiza gushyira itanura rishya ku ruganda bitarenze 2022.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: Zahabu
Umukoresha: PT Freeport Indoneziya
Tangira ： 1972
Umusaruro wumwaka: toni 26.8 (2019)
03. Debmarine, Namibiya
Debmarine Namibia irihariye kubera ko atari ikirombe gisanzwe, ahubwo ni urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ayobowe na Debmarine Namibia, umushinga wa 50-50 uhuriweho na De Beer Group na guverinoma ya Namibiya.Igikorwa cyabereye ku nkombe y’amajyepfo ya Namibiya kandi isosiyete yohereje amato y’amato atanu yo kugarura diyama.Muri Gicurasi 2019, umushinga uhuriweho watangaje ko uzateza imbere kandi ugashyira ahagaragara ubwato bwa mbere bwo kugarura diyama ku isi, buzatangira gukora mu 2022 ku giciro cya miliyoni 468 z'amadolari.Debmarine Namibia avuga ko ari ishoramari rifite agaciro mu mateka y'inganda za diyama zo mu nyanja.Ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro bikorwa hifashishijwe tekinoroji ebyiri zingenzi: gucukura mu kirere hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo mu bwoko bwa crawler.Buri bwato buri mu mato burashobora gukurikirana, kumenya no gukora ubushakashatsi ku nyanja, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gucukura kugirango umusaruro wiyongere.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: diyama
Umukoresha: Debmarine Namibia
Tangira ： 2002
Umusaruro wumwaka: MILIYONI 1.4
02. Morenci, Amerika
Moresi, muri Arizona, ni umwe mu bakora umuringa mwinshi ku isi, ufite agaciro ka toni miliyari 3.2 naho umuringa ugera kuri 0.16%.Freeport-McMoRan ifite imigabane myinshi muri iki kirombe naho Sumitomo ifite imigabane 28% mubikorwa byayo.Iki kirombe cyatangiye gucukurwa mu rwobo kuva mu 1939 kandi gitanga toni zigera ku 102.000 z'ubutare bw'umuringa ku mwaka.Ubusanzwe ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwacukuwe mu kirombe, ikirombe cyatangiye kwimukira mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu 1937. Mine ya MORESI, igice cy'ingenzi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare by'Amerika mu gihe cy'intambara, yikubye hafi kabiri umusaruro wayo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.Babiri mu bacuruzi bayo mu mateka barahagaritswe kandi barabyaza umusaruro, icya kabiri kikaba cyarahagaritse imirimo mu 1984. Mu 2015, umushinga wo kwagura uruganda rwa metallurgie warangiye, wongera ubushobozi bw’uruganda rugera kuri toni zigera ku 115.000 ku munsi.Biteganijwe ko ikirombe kizagera mu 2044.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: Umuringa
Umukoresha: Freeport-McMoRan
Tangira ： 1939
Umusaruro wumwaka: toni 102.000
01. Mponeng, Afurika y'Epfo
Ikirombe cya zahabu MPONENG giherereye nko mu birometero 65 mu burengerazuba bwa Johannesburg na kilometero zigera kuri 4 munsi y’ubuso bwa Gauteng, ni cyo kibanza cya zahabu cyimbitse ku isi ukurikije uburinganire.Ubujyakuzimu bwa kirombe, ubushyuhe bw’ubutare bwageze kuri 66 ° C, kandi urubura rwa barafu rwajugunywe mu butaka, bituma ubushyuhe bw’ikirere buri munsi ya 30 ° C.Ikirombe gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki ikurikirana kugira ngo umutekano w’abacukuzi urusheho kwiyongera, ikoranabuhanga rifasha kumenyesha vuba kandi neza abakozi bo mu nsi amakuru y’umutekano bijyanye.Anglogold Ashanti afite kandi akanakoresha iki kirombe, ariko yemeye kugurisha iki kigo muri Harmony Gold muri Gashyantare 2020. Muri Kamena 2020, Harmony Gold yari imaze gukusanya amadolari arenga 200 $ yo gutera inkunga imitungo ya MPONENG ifitwe na AngloGold.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: Zahabu
Umukoresha: Zahabu ya Harmony
Tangira ： 1981
Umusaruro wumwaka: toni 9.9
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-22-2022