10.Escondida, Chili
Kuba nyir'ikirombe cya ESCONDIDA mu butayu bwa Atacama mu majyaruguru ya Chili bigabanijwe hagati ya BHP Billiton (57.5%), Rio Tinto (30%) na Mitsubishi iyobowe na Mitsubishi (12.5% hamwe).Iki kirombe cyagize 5 ku ijana by’umuringa ku isi mu mwaka wa 2016. Umusaruro watangiye kugabanuka mu myaka yashize, kandi BHP Billiton yavuze muri raporo y’umwaka wa 2019 ku nyungu z’ikirombe ko umusaruro w’umuringa muri Escondida wagabanutseho 6% kuva mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari ushize ugera kuri 1.135 toni miliyoni, biteganijwe ko igabanuka, ni ukubera ko uruganda ruvuga ko igabanuka rya 12% ryumuringa.Muri 2018, BHP yafunguye uruganda rwa ESCONDIDA rwa desalination kugirango rukoreshwe mu birombe, hanyuma runini runini.Uruganda rwagiye rwagura ibikorwa byarwo buhoro buhoro, aho amazi yanduye angana na 40 ku ijana by’amazi y’uruganda mu mpera z’umwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2019. Kwagura uruganda ruteganijwe gutangira gutangwa mu gice cya mbere cya 2020, rufite ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere rya kirombe cyose.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: Umuringa
Umukoresha: BHP Billiton (BHP)
Tangira: 1990
Umusaruro wumwaka: kilotoni 1,135 (2019)
09. Mir, Uburusiya
Ikirombe cya Siberiya cyahoze ari ikirombe kinini cya diyama mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti.Ikirombe gifunguye gifite metero 525 z'uburebure na kilometero 1,2 z'umurambararo.Ifatwa nk'imwe mu myobo minini yacukuwe ku isi kandi ni ryo buye ry'ifatizo ryahoze ari inganda za diyama y'Abasoviyeti.Urwobo rufunguye rwakoraga kuva 1957 kugeza 2001, rwafunzwe ku mugaragaro mu 2004, rufungura mu 2009 rwimukira mu nsi.Igihe yafungwaga mu 2001, bivugwa ko iki kirombe cyinjije miliyari 17 z'amadolari ya diyama ikaze.Ikirombe cya Siberiya, ubu gikoreshwa na Alrosa, isosiyete nini ya diyama nini yo mu Burusiya, gitanga ibiro 2000 bya diyama ku mwaka, 95% by’umusaruro wa diyama muri iki gihugu, bikaba biteganijwe ko uzakomeza gukora kugeza mu 2059.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: diyama
Umukoresha: Alrosa
Tangira ： 1957
Umusaruro wumwaka: 2000 kg
08. Boddington, Ositaraliya
Ikirombe cya BODDINGTON nicyo kirombe kinini cya Ositaraliya gifungura zahabu, kirenga ikirombe kizwi cyane (Feston open-pit) ubwo cyatangiraga gukora mu 2009. Ububiko bwa zahabu muri Boddington na Maanfeng umukandara wa Greenstone mu burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya ni ubutunzi bwa zahabu.Nyuma y’imishinga itatu ihuriweho na Newmont, Anglogoldashanti na Newcrest, Newmont yaguze imigabane muri AngloGold mu 2009, iba nyirayo wenyine n’umushinga w’isosiyete.Ikirombe nacyo gitanga sulfate y'umuringa, kandi muri Werurwe 2011, nyuma yimyaka ibiri gusa, itanga toni 28.35 za mbere za zahabu.Newmont yatangije umushinga wa Carbone offset y’amashyamba i Burdington mu 2009 maze itera ingemwe 800.000 z’ingufu muri New South Wales na Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba.Isosiyete ivuga ko ibi biti bizakira toni zigera ku 300.000 za karubone mu myaka 30 kugeza kuri 50, mu gihe bizamura imyunyu y’ubutaka ndetse n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, kandi bigashyigikira itegeko ry’ingufu zisukuye muri Ositaraliya n’ubuhinzi bwa Carbone, gahunda y’umushinga yagize uruhare runini mu iyubakwa cya kirombe kibisi.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: Zahabu
Umukoresha: Newmont
Tangira ： 1987
Umusaruro wumwaka: toni 21.8
07. Kiruna, Suwede
Ikirombe cya KIRUNA kiri i Lapland, muri Suwede, ni cyo kirombe kinini kinini mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku isi kandi gishyizwe neza kugira ngo turebe Aurora Borealis.Iki kirombe cyacukuwe bwa mbere mu 1898, ubu kikaba gikoreshwa na leta ya luossavara-kiirunaara Aktiebolag (LKAB), isosiyete icukura amabuye y'agaciro yo muri Suwede.Ingano y’ikirombe cya Kiruna yatumye umujyi wa Kiruna ufata icyemezo mu 2004 kwimura umujyi rwagati kubera ibyago byatera ubuso kurohama.Kwimuka byatangiye mu 2014 kandi umujyi rwagati uzongera kubakwa mu 2022. Muri Gicurasi 2020, umutingito ufite ubukana bwa 4.9 wabereye mu kirombe cya mine kubera ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi.Ukurikije ibipimo bya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibimina, ubujyakuzimu bwa kilometero 1,1.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: icyuma
Umukoresha: LKAB
Tangira ： 1989
Umusaruro wumwaka: toni miliyoni 26.9 (2018)
06. Imbwa Itukura, Amerika
Ikirombe cya Red Dog kiri mu karere ka Arctique ya Alaska, ni ikirombe kinini cya zinc ku isi.Ikirombe gikoreshwa na Teck Resources, nayo itanga isasu na feza.Iki kirombe gitanga hafi 10% bya zinc ku isi, biteganijwe ko kizakora kugeza mu 2031. Iki kirombe cyanenzwe kubera ingaruka z’ibidukikije, raporo y’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kivuga ko irekura ibintu byinshi by’ubumara mu bidukikije kurusha ibindi. kigo muri Amerika.Nubwo amategeko ya alaskan yemerera amazi y’amazi yatunganijwe gusohoka mu migezi y’inzuzi, Tektronix yahuye n’amategeko mu 2016 kubera umwanda w’Uruzi rwa Urik.Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyemereye Alaska kuvana hafi y’umugezi wa Red Dog Creek n’umugezi wa ICARUS ku rutonde rw’amazi yanduye cyane.
Inyandiko isobanura:
Amabuye y'agaciro: Zinc
Umukoresha: Ibikoresho bya Teck
Tangira ： 1989
Umusaruro wumwaka: toni 515.200
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-22-2022