Sodium hydroxide ， caustic soda
Sodium hydroxide, izwi cyane nka soda ya caustickandi azwi nka "Umuvandimwe" muri Hong Kong kubera iri zina.Nibintu bidasanzwe hamwe na kirisiti yera mubushyuhe busanzwe, hamwe na ruswa ikomeye.Ni alkali ikunze kugaragara cyane, kandi ifite aho ihurira ninganda zikora imiti, metallurgie, gukora impapuro, peteroli, imyenda, ibiryo, ndetse no kwisiga no kwisiga.
Sodium hydroxide irashobora gushonga cyane mumazi kandi ikarekura ubushyuhe bwinshi imbere yamazi na parike.Iyo ihuye n'umwuka, hydroxide ya sodium izakurura ubuhehere buri mu kirere, kandi buhoro buhoro bishonga iyo ubuso butose, ibi nibyo dukunze kwita "deliquescence" Ku rundi ruhande, bizitwara dioxyde de carbone mu kirere bikangirika. .Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitonderwa bidasanzwe mububiko no gupakira hydroxide ya sodium.Usibye ibiranga kuba amazi, hydroxide ya sodium nayo irashonga muri Ethanol, glycerol, ariko ntabwo iri muri ether, acetone, na ammonia y'amazi.Byongeye kandi, twakagombye kumenya ko umuti wa sodium hydroxide wamazi ari alkaline cyane, ikabije kandi ifite amavuta, kandi ifite ruswa ikomeye.
Sodium hydroxide igurishwa ku isoko irashobora kugabanywamo soda ikomeye ya caustic soda na soda yuzuye ya caustic.Muri byo, soda isukuye ya caustic soda yera, muburyo bwo guhagarika, urupapuro, inkoni nuduce, kandi byoroshye;Soda yuzuye ya caustic soda idafite ibara kandi isukuye.
1 materials Ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi:
Nkibikoresho bikomeye bya alkaline chimique, hydroxide ya sodium irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora borax, sodium cyanide, acide formic, aside oxyde, fenol, nibindi, cyangwa ikoreshwa mubikorwa byimiti mvaruganda ninganda zikora imiti.
1)Inganda zikora imiti:
① Ikoreshwa mu gukora imyunyu ya sodium itandukanye hamwe na hydroxide iremereye.
② Ikoreshwa mukunyunyuza alkaline yamabuye.
Guhindura pH agaciro k'ibisubizo bitandukanye.
2)Inganda zikora imiti:
Hyd Sodium hydroxide ikoreshwa mugukora saponification kugirango itange nucleophilique anionic intermediate.
② Dehalogenation ya halogenated compound.
Compounds Hydroxyl compound ikorwa no gushonga kwa alkali.
Al alkali yubusa ikorwa mumunyu wa alkali kama.
⑤ Ikoreshwa nka catalizike ya alkaline muri reaction nyinshi ya chimique.
2 duction Umusaruro wogukoresha ibikoresho
Sodium hydroxide amavuta ya saponifike arashobora gukoreshwa mugukora isabune no kubyitwaramo na aside ya alkyl aromatic sulfonic kugirango itange ibintu bikora byogukoresha.Byongeye kandi, hydroxide ya sodium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora sodium fosifate nkibigize ibikoresho.
1)Isabune:
Gukora amasabune nuburyo bukera kandi bwagutse bwo gukoresha soda ya caustic.
Sodium hydroxide yakoreshejwe mugukoresha gakondo buri munsi.Kugeza uyu munsi, icyifuzo cya soda ya caustic yisabune, isabune nubundi bwoko bwibikoresho byo gukaraba biracyafite hafi 15% ya soda ya caustic.
Ibice byingenzi byamavuta nimboga ni triglyceride (triacylglycerol)
Ikigereranyo cya alkali hydrolysis ni:
. (RCOO) 3C3H5 (amavuta) + 3NaOH = 3 (RCOONa)
Iyi reaction nihame ryo kubyara isabune, nuko yitwa saponification reaction.
Nibyo, R shingiro muriki gikorwa irashobora kuba itandukanye, ariko R-COONA yakozwe irashobora gukoreshwa nkisabune.
Rusange R - ni:
C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH ni aside oleic.
C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH ni aside palmitike.
C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH ni aside stearic.
2)Umuyoboro:
Sodium hydroxide ikoreshwa mu kubyara ibintu bitandukanye, ndetse n'ifu yo gukaraba muri iki gihe (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate n'ibindi bice) nayo ikorwa muri soda nyinshi ya caustic, ikoreshwa mu gutesha agaciro aside irike ya sulfurike nyuma yo kwitabira sulfonasiyo.
3 industry Inganda
1) Inganda zimyenda zikoresha sodium hydroxide yumuti kugirango itange fibre fibre.Fibre artificiel, nka rayon, rayon, na rayon, ahanini ni fibre ya viscose, ikozwe muri selile, hydroxide ya sodium, na carbone disulfide (CS2) nkibikoresho fatizo mubisubizo bya viscose, hanyuma bikazunguruka kandi byegeranye.
2) Hydroxide ya Sodium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutunganya fibre no gusiga irangi, no guhuza fibre.Nyuma yigitambara cya pamba kimaze kuvurwa hamwe na soda ya caustic, ibishashara, amavuta, ibinyamisogwe nibindi bintu bitwikiriye umwenda w ipamba birashobora gukurwaho, kandi ibara ryoguhuza imyenda rishobora kwiyongera kugirango irangi ribe kimwe.
4 Gushonga
1) Koresha hydroxide ya sodium mugutunganya bauxite kugirango ukure alumina nziza;
2) Koresha hydroxide ya sodium kugirango ukure tungstate nkibikoresho fatizo bya tungsten gushonga muri wolframite;
3) Hydroxide ya Sodium nayo ikoreshwa mu kubyara zinc alloy na zinc ingot;
4) Nyuma yo kozwa na acide sulfurike, ibikomoka kuri peteroli biracyafite ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya aside.Bagomba gukaraba hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium hanyuma bakakaraba namazi kugirango babone ibicuruzwa byiza.
5 、 Ubuvuzi
Sodium hydroxide irashobora gukoreshwa nka disinfectant.Tegura 1% cyangwa 2% yumuti wa caustic soda wamazi, ushobora gukoreshwa nkuwangiza imiti yinganda zibiribwa, kandi ushobora no kwanduza ibikoresho, imashini, n'amahugurwa yandujwe numwanda wamavuta cyangwa isukari yibanze.
6 Gukora impapuro
Sodium hydroxide igira uruhare runini mu nganda zimpapuro.Bitewe na kamere ya alkaline, ikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo guteka no guhumeka.
Ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora impapuro ni ibiti cyangwa ibyatsi, bitarimo selile gusa, ahubwo birimo umubare utari muto wa selile (lignin, gum, nibindi).Ongeramo sodium hydroxide yumuti irashobora gushonga no gutandukanya ibice bitari selile, bityo bigatuma pulp hamwe na selile nkibintu byingenzi.
7 、 Ibiryo
Mugutunganya ibiryo, hydroxide ya sodium irashobora gukoreshwa nka aside aside, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mugukuramo imbuto lye.Ubwinshi bwumuti wa sodium hydroxide ukoreshwa mugukuramo uratandukanye nimbuto zitandukanye.Kurugero, 0.8% sodium hydroxide yumuti ikoreshwa mugukora amacunga ya kanseri hamwe na sukari yuzuye isukari;Kurugero, sodium hydroxide yumuti hamwe na 13% ~ 16% ikoreshwa mugutanga isukari yamazi yisukari.
Igipimo cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa mu Bushinwa mu gukoresha inyongeramusaruro (GB2760-2014) giteganya ko hydroxide ya sodium ishobora gukoreshwa nk’imfashanyo yo gutunganya inganda z’ibiribwa, kandi ibisigara ntibigarukira.
8 treatment Gutunganya amazi
Sodium hydroxide ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya amazi.Mu bimera bitunganya imyanda, hydroxide ya sodium irashobora kugabanya ubukana bwamazi binyuze mukutabogama.Mu nganda, ni uguhindura ion guhana resin kuvugurura.Sodium hydroxide ifite alkaline ikomeye kandi igereranywa cyane mumazi.Kubera ko hydroxide ya sodium ifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane mumazi, biroroshye gupima dosiye kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubice bitandukanye byo gutunganya amazi.
Gukoresha sodium hydroxide mugutunganya amazi harimo ingingo zikurikira:
1) Kurandura ubukana bw'amazi;
2) Guhindura agaciro ka pH y'amazi;
3) Kutabogama amazi mabi;
4) Kurandura ioni ziremereye mumazi ukoresheje imvura;
5) Kuvugurura ion guhana resin.
9 experiment Ubushakashatsi.
Usibye gukoreshwa nka reagent, irashobora no gukoreshwa nka alkaline desiccant kubera kwinjirira amazi gukomeye no gutanga.Irashobora kandi kwinjiza gaze ya aside (urugero, mugeragezwa rya sulfure yaka muri ogisijeni, hydroxide ya sodium hydroxide irashobora gushirwa mumacupa kugirango ikuremo dioxyde de sulfure).
Muri make, hydroxide ya sodium ikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi, harimo gukora imiti, gukora impapuro, gushonga aluminiyumu, gushonga tungsten, rayon, ipamba yubukorikori n’isabune, ndetse no mu gukora amarangi, plastiki, imiti n’imiti ihuza abantu. , kuvugurura reberi ishaje, gukora ibyuma bya sodium, electrolysis y'amazi n’umunyu ngugu, ndetse no gukora borax, chromate, manganate, fosifate, nibindi, bisaba soda nyinshi ya caustic, ari yo hydroxide ya sodium.
10 sector Urwego rw'ingufu
Mu rwego rwingufu, hydroxide ya sodium irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora peteroli.Kimwe na bateri, selile irashobora gutanga ingufu zisukuye kandi zinoze mubisabwa byinshi, harimo ubwikorezi, gutunganya ibikoresho, hamwe nibisabwa, byihuta kandi byihutirwa byihutirwa.Epoxy resin yakozwe mukongeramo sodium hydroxide irashobora gukoreshwa kuri turbine yumuyaga.
Iriburiro:
Hydroxide ya sodium ya anhydrous isukuye ni cyera cyoroshye kristaline ikomeye.Sodium hydroxide irashonga cyane mumazi, kandi gukomera kwayo kwiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe.Iyo imaze gushonga, irashobora kurekura ubushyuhe bwinshi.Kuri 288K, igisubizo cyuzuye cyuzuye gishobora kugera kuri 26.4 mol / L (1: 1).Igisubizo cyacyo cyamazi gifite uburyohe butangaje hamwe nuburyo bwamavuta.Igisubizo ni alkaline ikomeye kandi ifite ibintu rusange muri alkali.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa soda ya caustic igurishwa kumasoko: soda ikomeye ya caustic yera, kandi iri muburyo bwo guhagarika, urupapuro, inkoni na granule, kandi iracitse;Soda yuzuye ya caustic soda idafite ibara kandi isukuye.Sodium hydroxide nayo irashonga muri Ethanol na glycerol;Nyamara, ntishobora gukemuka muri ether, acetone na ammonia y'amazi.
Kugaragara:
Ibara ryera risobanutse neza
Ububiko:
Bika hydroxide ya sodium mu gikoresho cyamazi, uyishyire ahantu hasukuye kandi hakonje, kandi uyitandukanya nakazi ndetse na kirazira.Ahantu ho guhunika hagomba kugira ibikoresho bitandukanye byo guhumeka.Gupakira, gupakira no gupakurura flake ikomeye na soda ya granular caustic bigomba gukoreshwa neza kugirango wirinde ko paki yangirika mumubiri wabantu.
Koresha ：
Sodium hydroxide ikoreshwa cyane.Usibye gukoreshwa nka reagent mubushakashatsi bwa chimique, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka desalcant desalcant kubera amazi menshi.Sodium hydroxide ikoreshwa cyane mubukungu bwigihugu, kandi amashami menshi yinganda arayakeneye.Umurenge ukoresha sodium hydroxide cyane ni ugukora imiti, ugakurikirwa no gukora impapuro, gushonga aluminium, gushonga tungsten, rayon, rayon no gukora amasabune.Byongeye kandi, mu gukora amarangi, plastiki, imiti n’umuhuza w’ibinyabuzima, kuvugurura reberi ishaje, electrolysis ya sodium n’amazi, no gukora imyunyu ngugu, gukora borax, chromate, manganate, fosifate, nibindi. , bisaba kandi gukoresha soda nyinshi ya caustic.
Gupakira:
Soda ikomeye ya caustic soda igomba gupakirwa ingoma zicyuma cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bifunze bifite uburebure bwurukuta rwa 0 Hejuru ya 5mm, kurwanya umuvuduko uri hejuru ya 0.5Pa, umupfundikizo wa barrale ugomba gufungwa neza, uburemere bwa buri barrale ni 200kg, naho alkali ya flake ni 25kg.Ipaki igomba gushyirwaho neza "ibintu byangirika".Iyo soda iribwa ya caustic soda itwarwa nimodoka ya tank cyangwa ikigega cyo kubikamo, igomba gusukurwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa kabiri.
Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa burarenze rwose.Natunguwe, imyifatire ya serivise yikigo kuva igihe nakiriye iperereza kugeza igihe nemeje ko ibicuruzwa byakorewe mucyiciro cya mbere, bigatuma numva nshyushye cyane kandi byanshimishije cyane.
Serivise yikigo iratangaje rwose.Ibicuruzwa byose byakiriwe birapakiwe neza kandi bifatanye nibimenyetso bifatika.Gupakira birakomeye kandi ibikoresho byihuta birihuta.
Igihe nahitamo abafatanyabikorwa, nasanze itangwa ryikigo ryatwaye amafaranga menshi, ubwiza bwintangarugero bwakiriwe nabwo bwari bwiza cyane, kandi ibyemezo byubugenzuzi bijyanye.Byari ubufatanye bwiza!
